Challenges Facing Afghan Shipping:

Landlocked Geography: Afghanistan's landlocked geography presents a significant challenge for shipping, as it relies heavily on neighboring countries' ports for maritime trade. Dependence on transit routes controlled by other nations increases vulnerability to geopolitical tensions and trade disruptions.

Port Infrastructure: Limited access to modern port facilities and equipment inhibits the efficiency of Afghan shipping operations. Improving port infrastructure and enhancing handling capacities are essential for reducing transit times and costs.